This test reports 77 markers from a urine sample, grouped into intestinal microbial overgrowth (yeast and fungal, bacterial and Clostridia markers), oxalate, glycolytic cycle, mitochondrial, neurotransmitter, pyrimidine, ketone and fatty acid oxidation, nutritional, detoxification, amino acid, mineral metabolism and fluid intake markers.
Intestinal Microbial Overgrowth - Yeast & Fungal Markers: Citramalic, 5-Hydroxymethyl-2-furoic, 3-Oxoglutaric, Furan-2,5-dicarboxylic, Furancarbonylglycine, Tartaric, Arabinose, Carboxycitric, Tricarballylic
Intestinal Microbial Overgrowth - Bacterial Markers: Hippuric, 2-Hydroxyphenylacetic, 4-Hydroxybenzoic, 4-Hydroxyhippuric, DHPPA (Beneficial Bacteria)
Intestinal Microbial Overgrowth - Clostridia Markers: 4-Hydroxyphenylacetic, HPHPA, 4-Cresol, 3-Indoleacetic
Oxalate Metabolites: Glyceric, Glycolic, Oxalic
Glycolytic Cycle Metabolites: Lactic, Pyruvic
Mitochondrial Markers - Krebs Cycle Metabolites: Succinic, Fumaric, Malic, 2-Oxoglutaric, Aconitic, Citric
Mitochondrial Markers - Amino Acid Metabolites: 3-Methylglutaric, 3-Hydroxyglutaric, 3-Methylglutaconic
Neurotransmitter Metabolites: Homovanillic (HVA), Vanillylmandelic (VMA), HVA / VMA Ratio, Dihydroxyphenylacetic (DOPAC), HVA/ DOPAC Ratio, 5-Hydroxyindoleacetic (5-HIAA), Quinolinic, Kynurenic
Pyrimidine Metabolites - Folate Metabolism: Uracil, Thymine
Ketone and Fatty Acid Oxidation: 3-Hydroxybutyric, Acetoacetic, Ethylmalonic, Methylsuccinic, Adipic, Suberic, Sebacic
Nutritional Markers: Vitamin B12 Methylmalonic*, Vitamin B6 Pyridoxic (B6), Vitamin B5 Pantothenic (B5), Vitamin B2 (Riboflavin) Glutaric*, Vitamin C Ascorbic, Vitamin Q10 (CoQ10) 3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaric*, Glutathione Precursor and Chelating Agent N-Acetylcysteine (NAC), Biotin (Vitamin H) Methylcitric*
Indicators of Detoxification: Glutathione Pyroglutamic*, Methylation, Toxic exposure 2-Hydroxybutyric**, Ammonia Excess Orotic, Aspartame, salicylates, or GI bacteria 2-Hydroxyhippuric
Amino Acid Metabolites: 2-Hydroxyisovaleric, 2-Oxoisovaleric, 3-Methyl-2-oxovaleric, 2-Hydroxyisocaproic, 2-Oxoisocaproic, 2-Oxo-4-methiolbutyric, Mandelic, Phenyllactic, Phenylpyruvic, Homogentisic, 4-Hydroxyphenyllactic, N-Acetylaspartic, Malonic, 4-Hydroxybutyric
Mineral Metabolism: Phosphoric
Indicator of Fluid Intake: *Creatinine